Essay Excerpt
"While the politics of The Scarlet Letter (1850) have been traced to Hawthorne’s Salem Custom House dismissal in 1848, this essay argues that Hawthorne situates his experience among deeper institutional problems that shape existing American polity, and that his treatment is analogous to William Godwin’s critique of British government in Things as They Are; or the Adventures of Caleb Williams (1793). Hawthorne avidly read Godwin, who was popular in America. In 1820, the young author wrote enthusiastically to his sister, ‘I have read Hoggs Tales, Caleb Williams, St. Leon & Mandeville. I admire Godwin’s novels, and intend to read them all […] Next to Waverly, I like Caleb Williams.’"